Jazz

INTRODUCTION TO JAZZ

Jazz dance is a vibrant and dynamic form of movement that originated in the African American communities of the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It draws influences from African rhythms, European folk dances, and social dances of the time, evolving into a distinctive style characterized by syncopated rhythms, improvisation, and energetic movements. Jazz dance encompasses a wide range of styles, from the sleek and sensual movements of contemporary jazz to the high-energy and theatrical performances seen in Broadway musicals and commercial dance. With its versatility and expressive qualities, jazz dance has become a popular art form celebrated worldwide for its infectious energy and expressive storytelling.

HISTORY OF JAZZ

Jazz dance traces its roots back to the African American communities of New Orleans, where it emerged alongside the development of jazz music in the late 19th century. Influenced by African dance traditions brought over by slaves, as well as European social dances, jazz dance became an integral part of social gatherings and celebrations. The improvisational nature of jazz music encouraged dancers to express themselves freely, leading to the development of unique movements and styles.

In the early 20th century, jazz dance began to gain recognition beyond its cultural origins, with the rise of vaudeville shows, cabarets, and Broadway musicals. Pioneering dancers such as Josephine Baker and Bill “Bojangles” Robinson showcased the infectious rhythms and vibrant movements of jazz dance to audiences around the world, breaking down racial barriers and influencing popular culture.

During the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and 1930s, jazz dance flourished as a form of artistic expression, with iconic venues like the Cotton Club serving as incubators for innovation and creativity. Dancers like Katherine Dunham and Frankie Manning pushed the boundaries of the art form, blending elements of traditional African dance with modern jazz movements to create captivating performances.

In the mid-20th century, jazz dance continued to evolve and diversify, with the influence of choreographers such as Jack Cole and Bob Fosse shaping its trajectory. From the sultry, stylized movements of Fosse’s choreography to the dynamic athleticism of Luigi’s jazz technique, jazz dance became synonymous with style, sophistication, and spectacle.

Today, jazz dance remains a vibrant and influential art form, embraced by dancers of all backgrounds and celebrated for its fusion of tradition and innovation.

KEY JAZZ TERMS AND TECHNIQUES

Jazz dance encompasses a wide range of techniques and styles, each characterized by its own unique movements and rhythms. Some key techniques commonly found in jazz dance include:

1. Isolations: The ability to move specific parts of the body independently, such as the head, shoulders, or hips, while maintaining stillness in other areas.
2. Syncopation: Emphasizing off-beat rhythms and accents to create dynamic and unpredictable movements.
3. Contractions and Releases: Contracting and expanding the muscles of the body to create sharp, staccato movements followed by fluid, flowing transitions.
4. Turns and Leaps: Executing fast-paced spins, turns, and jumps with precision and control, often incorporating elements of ballet and modern dance techniques.
5. Improvisation: Spontaneous and creative movement generated in the moment, allowing dancers to express themselves freely and respond to the music.
6. Floor Work: Incorporating movements performed on the floor, such as rolls, slides, and contractions, to add texture and dimension to choreography.

FAMOUS JAZZ PIECES

1. West Side Story (1957): Choreographed by Jerome Robbins with music by Leonard Bernstein, “West Side Story” is a groundbreaking musical that fuses jazz dance with elements of classical ballet and contemporary theater. The show’s iconic dance numbers, including “America” and “Cool,” showcase the raw energy and emotional intensity of urban street life.
2. Chicago (1975): Choreographed by Bob Fosse, “Chicago” is a dazzling musical that epitomizes the sultry and stylized aesthetic of jazz dance. Fosse’s signature choreography, characterized by precise isolations, angular movements, and provocative gestures, earned the show critical acclaim and numerous awards.
3. A Chorus Line (1975): Choreographed by Michael Bennett, “A Chorus Line” revolutionized the world of musical theater with its documentary-style approach and ensemble-driven storytelling. The show’s dynamic dance sequences, such as “I Hope I Get It” and “One,” showcase the athleticism and versatility of jazz dance technique.
4. Revelations (1960): Choreographed by Alvin Ailey, “Revelations” is a seminal work of modern dance that draws inspiration from African American spirituals and gospel music. The piece blends elements of jazz, ballet, and traditional African dance to create a soul-stirring exploration of faith, struggle, and redemption.
5. Singin’ in the Rain (1952): Choreographed by Gene Kelly and Stanley Donen, “Singin’ in the Rain” is a classic Hollywood musical known for its exuberant dance numbers and infectious charm. Kelly’s iconic solo performance in the title song, danced in the midst of a downpour, is a testament to the joy and spontaneity of jazz dance.

INFLUENTIAL JAZZ CHOREOGRAPHERS

1. Bob Fosse (1927–1987): Renowned for his distinctive style characterized by isolations, turned-in knees, and slinky movements, Bob Fosse revolutionized jazz dance with his innovative choreography and unparalleled theatricality. His iconic works, including “Sweet Charity,” “Cabaret,” and “Chicago,” continue to inspire dancers and choreographers around the world.
2. Jack Cole (1911–1974): Often referred to as the “Father of Theatrical Jazz Dance,” Jack Cole pioneered the integration of jazz dance into Broadway musicals and Hollywood films. His groundbreaking techniques, such as isolations, undulations, and stylized gestures, laid the foundation for modern jazz dance vocabulary and influenced generations of choreographers.
3. Katherine Dunham (1909–2006): A trailblazing dancer, choreographer, and anthropologist, Katherine Dunham introduced elements of Caribbean and African dance into the world of jazz dance, enriching the art form with a diverse range of movement styles and cultural influences. Her company, the Katherine Dunham Dance Company, played a vital role in promoting cultural exchange and artistic collaboration.
4. Luigi (1925–2015): Known as the “Father of Jazz Dance Technique,” Luigi developed a revolutionary approach to jazz dance training that emphasized fluidity, musicality, and injury prevention. His groundbreaking techniques, including the “Luigi Warm-Up” and the “Luigi Jazz Centre,” have become integral components of jazz dance education worldwide, fostering a new generation of versatile and expressive dancers.
5. Frankie Manning (1914–2009): A legendary Lindy Hop dancer and choreographer, Frankie Manning played a pivotal role in popularizing swing dance and jazz dance during the swing era of the 1930s and 1940s. His innovative choreography and infectious enthusiasm helped propel swing dance into the mainstream, inspiring a global revival of interest in jazz dance and social dancing.

RENOWNED JAZZ COMPANIES

1. Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater (USA): Founded by choreographer and dancer Alvin Ailey in 1958, the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater is renowned for its electrifying performances and groundbreaking contributions to modern dance and jazz dance. The company’s repertoire, which includes classics like “Revelations” and contemporary works by emerging choreographers, celebrates the richness and diversity of the African American cultural experience.
2. The Rockettes (USA): Known for their precision, athleticism, and high-kicking choreography, the Rockettes are a legendary dance ensemble that has been captivating audiences at New York City’s Radio City Music Hall since 1932. With their iconic “kickline” formations and dazzling holiday spectacles like the “Radio City Christmas Spectacular,” the Rockettes have become synonymous with the glamour and excitement of jazz dance.
3. Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra with Wynton Marsalis (USA): Led by renowned jazz trumpeter and composer Wynton Marsalis, the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra is a world-class ensemble dedicated to preserving and advancing the art of jazz music and jazz dance. Through its innovative collaborations with choreographers and dancers, the orchestra showcases the improvisational spirit and rhythmic vitality of jazz dance, bridging the gap between music and movement.
4. Paris Jazz Ballet (France): Founded by choreographer and dancer Rick Odums, the Paris Jazz Ballet is a dynamic and diverse dance company that celebrates the fusion of jazz dance, ballet, and contemporary movement. With its eclectic repertoire and commitment to artistic excellence, the company embodies the spirit of innovation and creativity that defines the vibrant jazz dance scene in France and beyond.
5. Tapper’s Delight (International): Tapper’s Delight is a global community of tap dancers and jazz enthusiasts dedicated to preserving and promoting the art of tap dance and jazz dance. Through workshops, performances, and cultural exchanges, Tapper’s Delight brings together dancers from diverse backgrounds to share their passion for rhythm, improvisation, and creative expression, fostering a sense of unity and camaraderie within the jazz dance community.

JAZZ EDUCATION AND TRAINING

1. Broadway Dance Center (USA): Located in the heart of New York City’s Theater District, Broadway Dance Center is a premier destination for jazz dance education and training. Offering a wide range of classes and workshops taught by industry professionals, the center provides aspiring dancers with the opportunity to develop their skills and explore their artistic potential in a supportive and inspiring environment.
2. Peridance Capezio Center (USA): Founded by legendary dancer and choreographer Ohad Naharin, Peridance Capezio Center is a leading institution for jazz dance training and performance in New York City. With its world-class faculty and state-of-the-art facilities, the center offers a comprehensive curriculum that encompasses a variety of jazz dance styles and techniques, catering to dancers of all levels and backgrounds.
3. Studio Harmonic (France): Situated in the heart of Paris, Studio Harmonic is a renowned dance school specializing in jazz dance, ballet, and contemporary dance. With its emphasis on technique, artistry, and creativity, the studio provides students with the tools and training they need to excel in the competitive world of professional dance, while fostering a supportive and inclusive community of dancers.
4. London Studio Centre (United Kingdom): Recognized for its innovative approach to dance education, London Studio Centre offers a diverse range of programs in jazz dance, musical theater, and contemporary dance. With its strong emphasis on performance skills, industry networking, and career development, the center equips graduates with the practical and artistic skills they need to succeed in the fast-paced world of professional dance.
5. Edge Performing Arts Center (USA): Located in Los Angeles, the Edge Performing Arts Center is a premier training facility for jazz dance, hip-hop, and commercial dance. With its roster of world-renowned instructors and cutting-edge curriculum, the center attracts dancers from around the globe seeking to refine their skills and pursue careers in film, television, and live entertainment.